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                <text>Finishing Touches...are administered by Harold Hiers to one of the 60 vinyl-covered models.  Inspecting the job are Bob Bergstrom, and Don Pfeiffer.</text>
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                <text>Daily Nonpareil March 21, 1965</text>
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                <text>The Council Bluffs Public Library is unaware of any claim of copyright in the images in the collection. We encourage use of these materials under the fair use clause of the Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq). The Council Bluffs Public Library has provided in the catalog records for these materials all known information regarding the photographer or other persons associated with the materials. This information is provided as a service to aid users in determining the appropriate use of an item, but that determination ultimately rests with the user.</text>
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                <text>This is how Council Bluffs and part of Omaha look from nine miles up.  This photo was take by Mark Hurd Aaerial [sic] Surveys, Inc., of Minneapolis, Minn, which  has perfected a method of utilizing a distortion-free camera in a Lear jet plane to take aerial pictures at altitudes up to 50,000 feet.  The upper range of commercial photography previously was about 29,000 feet.  Note how the Missouri River snakes between the Bluffs and Omaha.  Carter Lake and Eppley Airfield are in the upper left; Lake Manawa is a bottom center.  Broadway and Interstate highway network are clearly visible.  The Council Bluffs airport is at the extreme right, just above the middle of the photo.  A reading glass will bring out more details.  [Date stamp on photo is 4-19-1969]</text>
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977.771&#13;
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                <text>St. Albert High Schools&#13;
400 Gleason Ave.&#13;
File #2&#13;
Starting 3/22/1975&#13;
with #1&#13;
basketball champs&#13;
Incluces C.B. Catholic Area Schools&#13;
See: Mary (Mrs. James) Schlautman, Dir. of Development &amp; Finance 5/1/84&#13;
See: Anthony "tony" Jaworski--Ast. Principal at H.S. 5/1/84&#13;
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                <text>Falcon Express Chugs TO State Title; First Bluffs State Basketball Champs...Ever. March 22, 1975&#13;
Falcons Number One! 1st Basketball Title Ever In Council Bluffs. March 22, 1975.&#13;
Welcome Home State Champs. March 23, 1975&#13;
Big Welcome Home For St. Albert Heroes. March 23, 1975&#13;
Catholic Ed Week set. January 29, 1978&#13;
Foundation has a new officer list. March 3, 1976&#13;
Placement exams at St. Albert. March 9, 1978&#13;
10 St. Albert seniors awarded scholarships. May 6, 1978&#13;
St. Albert base pay up 3 percent. February 28, 1979&#13;
Tough state test ahead for St. Albert; Regis is Falcon's first hurdle. March 11, 1979&#13;
Tuition hike for Catholic schools. March 27, 1979&#13;
St. Albert reps to schools convention. April 7, 1979&#13;
No float but lots of pride. April 22, 1979&#13;
St. Albert notes club members. April 22, 1979&#13;
St. Albert sets study of leave for pregnancy. May 1, 1979&#13;
Graduation: It is a new life, a whole new world. May 17, 1979&#13;
St. Albert board names principal. May 30, 1979&#13;
St. Albert carnival set. May 31, 1979&#13;
St. Albert budget set at $1,115,000. June 27, 1979&#13;
Teacher hiring change sought by new principal. July 31, 1979&#13;
Cheering 'fun' for local squads. August 4, 1979&#13;
St. Albert Century Club to be major fund-raiser. August 22, 1979&#13;
Budget deficit greets board; For Catholic Area Schools. August 28, 1979&#13;
St. Albert fund drive falls short. September 14, 1979&#13;
Small Falcon band expects to grow. September 22, 1979&#13;
St. Albert eyes changes in credit.  September 25, 1979&#13;
Homecoming activities set. September 27, 1979&#13;
Girls softball goes down swinging at St. Albert. October 30, 1979&#13;
St. Albert girls softball gets a base hit; With only one strike. November 27, 1979&#13;
Christmas at St. Albert; A special time. December 15, 1979&#13;
No uniforms, but...Small band is proud. January 5, 1980&#13;
Catholic schools eye tight budget; For 1980-81 year. January 27, 1980&#13;
Tuition hiked for Catholic schools. January 29, 1980&#13;
Catholic Board OKs base salaries. February 27, 1980&#13;
Catholic schools face austerity. March 13, 1980&#13;
Catholic board gets bad news. April 1, 1980&#13;
Brain bowlers. April 4, 1980&#13;
St. Albert parents to honor teachers. April 22, 1980&#13;
Students get some extra help. April 27, 1980&#13;
Catholic board increases levies to cut deficit. April 29, 1980&#13;
Lot at St. Albert is to be repaved. June 24, 1980&#13;
St. Albert students learn to listen. October 26, 1980&#13;
St. Albert expects full enrollment. April 29, 1984&#13;
83 graduate at St. Albert. May 24, 1984&#13;
St. Albert to switch, not fight? August 31, 1984&#13;
St. Albert to examine its high school this year. August 11, 1985&#13;
St. Albert fund drive under way. March 5, 1986&#13;
Footlongs and a '57 Chevy: auction steps back in time. April 13, 1986&#13;
Academic competitors. January 30, 1987&#13;
Two Bluffs schools accredited by NCA. April 29, 1987&#13;
S.A. board considers activity rules. April 29, 1987&#13;
St. Albert to break ground for new gym. June 14, 1987&#13;
Two C. B. teams to compete in national pompon contest. December 30 1987&#13;
Bluffs teams get send-offs to state meet. March 15, 1988&#13;
Falcons move to state final. March 18, 1988&#13;
St. Albert off to state. March 9, 1989&#13;
Similarities seen in St. Albert teams. March 19, 1988&#13;
St. Albert gutsy in tourney final. March 20, 1988&#13;
Bluffs turns out to salute cagers. March 21, 1988&#13;
Diplomas presented to 71 St. Albert seniors Thursday. May 20, 1988&#13;
St. Albert board delays vote on school-sanctioned soccer. May 24, 1988&#13;
Student OKs settlement in school suit. July 1, 1988&#13;
Student given $150,000 award for blind eye. August 25, 1988&#13;
St. Albert fights eye-injury award. September 8, 1988&#13;
Judge reduces damage payment in accident at St. Albert school. September 22, 1988&#13;
Retrial request denied in school accident suit. October 5, 1988&#13;
St. Albert has Nicaraguan visitors. October 27, 1980&#13;
Shot nearly hits St. Albert student. November 18, 1988Tile fall forces game change. January 6, 1989&#13;
St. Albert wins state title; In Falcons coach's final game.  March 9, 1989&#13;
C.B. school board sanctions girls soccer as a varsity sport. July 19, 1989&#13;
St. Albert marks 25th anniversary. November 16, 1989&#13;
St. Albert teachers get 2.6% raise, board increases tuition, lunch fees. February 28, 1990&#13;
Peace issues added to St. Albert classes. April 19, 1990&#13;
Trial day care set at St. Albert. May 1, 1990&#13;
St. Albert board hears ways to save money, environment. May 1, 1990&#13;
St. Albert auction raises $121,000. May 8, 1990&#13;
St. Albert Schools budget up 7 percent. May 22, 1990&#13;
St. Albert raises parish assessments. March 26, 1991&#13;
St. Albert nears fund-raising goal. November 15, 1991&#13;
St. Albert ups tuition by 3 percent. February 28, 1992&#13;
St. Albert teachers' pay raised 4.4%&#13;
2% increase proposed in St. Albert assessments. March 30, 1992&#13;
Donation pays for remodeling old auditorium. August 6, 1994</text>
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                <text>Council Bluffs History...is exemplified in the Historic General Dodge House which annually draws thousands of visitors to view the restored, victorian [sic] mansion.</text>
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                <text>The Council Bluffs Public Library is unaware of any claim of copyright in the images in the collection. We encourage use of these materials under the fair use clause of the Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq). The Council Bluffs Public Library has provided in the catalog records for these materials all known information regarding the photographer or other persons associated with the materials. This information is provided as a service to aid users in determining the appropriate use of an item, but that determination ultimately rests with the user.</text>
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                    <text>Why Council Bluffs?
Part One
Caldwell’s Camp
Dozens of tribes of Native Americans have been identified as having lived in, hunted in,
or occupied territory in the region that is today called “Council Bluffs.”
In 1803, the United States government purchased 828,000 square miles of land from
France in a deal known as the Louisiana Purchase. The following year, President
Thomas Jefferson sent the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore and map the new
territory.
This expedition camped at a hill near what is
now Fort Calhoun, Nebraska on August 2,
1804. There they met with the Otoe tribe on a
hill they dubbed “Council Bluff.” Subsequently,
the term “Council Bluffs” was used by traders
and fur trappers to refer to entire region on both
sides of the Missouri River.
Figure 1 Meeting at "Council Bluff"

In 1824, a St. Louis businessman named
Francois Guittar established a white settlement on the Iowa side of the Missouri River.
Calling the settlement “Trader’s Point,” Guittar and others traded goods to Native
Americans in exchange for furs.
In 1833, members of three Native American
Tribes – Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi were force from their lands and relocated west. In
1837, they arrived at a reservation in Trader’s
Point. The group of 2,000 Native Americans was
led by Chief Sauganash (English name, Billy
Caldwell) – a half-white, half-Potawatomi fur
trader who spoke several languages. Their
settlement became known as Camp Caldwell.

Figure 2 Map of Camp Caldwell

In 1837, the United States Army built a small fort
or “blockhouse” near Camp Caldwell to “keep an
eye” on the reservation. Two years later, the Army
gave the fort to a Jesuit missionary named PierreJean De Smet.

�The missionary came from St. Louis to attempt to convert
the inhabitants of Camp Caldwell to the Catholic faith. At
Camp Caldwell, De Smet observed in his journals that the
Potawatomi were struggling, and he blamed the
introduction of alcohol to the tribe by white trappers at
Trader’s Point. Alcoholism and related violence claimed
the lives of many in the tribe including Billy Caldwell’s
oldest son.
Figure 3 Blockhouse and mission

De Smet made the first maps of the Upper Mississippi River,
but he had little success in religious conversion in the area.
He abandoned the blockhouse mission in 1841. De Smet
left the area and travelled across the Great Plains, baptizing
thousands of Native Americans. Today, De Smet’s legacy is
controversial, with some considering him an advocate for
Native Americans and others considering him a part of a
legacy of colonialism, imperialism, and racist supremacy.
When Billy Caldwell died of cholera in 1841, the Potawatomi
tribe feared attack from the Sioux tribes who had originally
Figure 4 Pierre-Jean De Smet
inhabited the area. They called for assistance from
neighboring tribes and from the United States Government
who dispatched troops to the area where they stayed until displaced by a flood in 1843.
In 1847 the tribes were relocated again, this time to Kansas.
There they merged with a previously relocated tribe of
Potawatomi on a single reservation north of Topeka,
Kansas. When they were removed from Kansas in 1867, the
tribe fractured and spread out to many different areas.
Today there are many federally recognized bands of
Potawatomi in North America. Potawatomi means “people of
the place of fire.” The Potawatomi were part of a long-term
alliance called the Council of Three Fires with the Ottawa
and Chippewa who shared similar customs.
Figure 5 Potawatomi Woman,
1909

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                    <text>Why Council Bluffs?
Part Two
Kanesville

Westward Expansion was the 19th century movement of settlers into the American
West. Fueled by the Gold Rush, the Oregon Trail, the Mormon Trail, and a belief in
“manifest destiny,” hundreds of thousands of migrants made the slow and dangerous
journey west, hauling their possessions in wagons.
On May 22, 1844 the Stephens-Townsend-Murphy Party, a wagon train of 50
pioneers, left present-day Council Bluffs. The party successfully passed the Sierra
Nevada mountain range at what would later be called the Donner Pass, and their path
from Iowa to California would be copied by countless others.With a steam boat to ferry
wagons and supplies across the Missouri River, Council Bluffs was a popular starting
point for settlers, and the population of Council Bluffs grew rapidly during the last half of
19th century.
In 1846, religious leader Brigham
Young, the second leader of the
Mormon Church, was driven out of
Nauvoo, Illinois. Young and his followers
travelled across Iowa on their way to a
new home at the Great Salt Lake,
stopping at Caldwell’s Camp.

Figure 1 Sketch of Mormons crossing the plains by Council Bluffs
Artist George Simons

Members of the Mormon Church (also known as the
Latter Day Saints) stayed in the Council Bluff area on
both sides of the Missouri River. This area became a
provisioning base for the Mormon’s westward migration.
In 1848, the town became officially known as
Kanesville, named for Thomas Kane, an attorney who
helped Brigham Young.

Figure 2 Brigham Young

�While in Kanesville, the Mormons had a
ceremony to recognize Brigham Young as the
president of the Church. Members of the Church
hastily constructed a large building from
cottonwood to accommodate everyone attending
the ceremony. This building was known as the
Kanesville Tabernacle.

Figure 3 A replica of the Kanesville Tabernacle

Emigrating Mormons were supplied at a dry goods store in Kanesville and ferried across
the Missouri River. In 1849, news of large gold deposits in California led thousands of
people to Kanesville, overwhelming the Mormon’s ferry system. This western movement
became known as the California Gold Rush. Many thousands of gold-seekers, known
as “forty-niners,” passed though Kanesville.

Figure 4 Sketch of a steam boat transporting Mormons across the Missouri
River in 1854

The large influx of forty-niners
helped expedite the migration of
the latter day saints. Having
scouted ahead, Brigham Young
urged all members of the
Mormon faith to begin migration.
In 1852, over 10,000 Latter Day
Saints traveled to the new U.S.
territory of Utah, making it the
largest Mormon migration in a
single year. With most of the
Mormons gone from the area,
the Iowa legislature changed the
name of Kanesville to Council
Bluffs in January of 1853.

Council Bluffs continued to be a popular starting point for settlers after the Mormon
exodus. The westward movement of wagons peaked in 1860 when news that a
Transcontinental Railroad was the works caused many to postpone emigration, hoping
to avoid the dangers of traveling by wagon.

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                    <text>Why Council Bluffs?
Part Three
Transcontinental Railroad

Grenville Dodge was a civil engineer
who moved to Kanesville in 1851 to
survey land for the Union Pacific
Railroad Company and other railroads
who needed reliable maps and
measurements.

Future president Abraham Lincoln
visited Council Bluffs in 1859 where he
met with Grenville Dodge. Lincoln was
Figure 1 Sketch of Dodge's survey team in 1853
interested in the idea of making a
transcontinental railroad – a continuous
railroad line connecting California to the existing U.S. rail
network. Dodge convinced Lincoln that Council Bluffs would
be a good starting point, and three years later President
Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act which designated
Council Bluffs as the eastern terminus of the
Transcontinental Railroad.

Figure 2 G. M. Dodge in 1868

After serving as a General and spy master in the Civil War,
Grenville Dodge became the chief engineer of the Union
Pacific Railroad in 1866. The Union Pacific was one of two
companies working on the first Transcontinental Railroad,
and Dodge was in charge of planning the route and finding
ways around obstacles.

The first Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869, when the Union Pacific
Railroad (building from Council Bluffs to the west) met with the Central Pacific Railroad
(building from the San Francisco Bay to the east). The two railroads merged on May 10,
1869 in Promontory Summit, Utah with the ceremonial driving of golden rail spike.

�It took 3 additional years of construction to build a railroad bridge across the Missouri
River, connecting the first Transcontinental Railroad to the eastern rail system.

Council Bluffs became a
busy rail centers, with
several railroads operating in
the area, leading to rapid
population growth. Only
2,000 people lived in Council
Bluffs in 1860 – by 1870 that
number grew to 10,000.

Figure 3 Golden Spike ceremony - May 10, 1869

By the 1930, Council Bluffs
was the country’s fifth largest
railroad center which
attracted many agriculture
and manufacturing
companies.

Railroad travel became less popular in the late 20th century, and Council Bluffs
experienced declining population and economic stagnation. Today there are several
museums and monuments in Council Bluffs dedicated to the city’s railroad history.

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Home Builders. May 13, 1984&#13;
Awarded medal. July 1, 1984&#13;
Busy summer seen for homebuilders. April 28, 1985&#13;
Let's Get Started Now! April 28, 1985&#13;
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103971">
                <text>Council Bluffs Image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103972">
                <text>local news</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103973">
                <text>Council Bluffs--Image</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="103974">
                <text>Bluffs first in pride for fourth time.  October 19, 1977&#13;
Bluffs wins 4th betterment award. October 21, 1977&#13;
Better local shopping image is goal of C.B. business group. October 18, 1987&#13;
C.B. business owners boosting city image.  October 22, 1987</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103975">
                <text>Nonpareil reporting</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103976">
                <text>Daily Nonpareil</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103977">
                <text>Council Bluffs Daily Nonpareil Archives</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103978">
                <text>1977-1987</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103979">
                <text>Document</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103980">
                <text>Newspaper articles</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103981">
                <text>Council_Bluffs_Image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103982">
                <text>Council Bluffs, Iowa</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="103983">
                <text>The Council Bluffs Public Library is unaware of any claim of copyright in the images in the collection. We encourage use of these materials under the fair use clause of the Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq). The Council Bluffs Public Library has provided in the catalog records for these materials all known information regarding the photographer or other persons associated with the materials. This information is provided as a service to aid users in determining the appropriate use of an item, but that determination ultimately rests with the user.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="2243">
        <name>awards</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="789">
        <name>Council Bluffs</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5884">
        <name>Iowa Community Betterment</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
