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                    <text>NPS Foon 10-800
(FUv. 8-80)

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Registration Form
This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in Guidelines
for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering
the requested Information. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials,
and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets
(Form 10-900a). Type all entries.

1. Name of Property

historic name

St. Peter s Church &amp; Rectory

other names/site number

2. Location
street &amp; number
city, town
Iowa
state

One Bluff Street
Council Bluffs
code IA
county Pottawattamie

3. Classification
Ownership of Property
[x2 private
I I public-local
I I public-State
I I public-Federal

Category of Property
Sx building(s)
d district
d site

I structure
[~~ object

Name of related multiple property listing:
N/A___________________

code

I_[not for publication
I [vicinity
155
zip code 51503

Number of Resources within Property
Contributing
Noncontributing
2
0 buildings
____
____ sites
____
____ structures
_____
1
objects
2
1
Total
Number of contributing resources previously
listed in the National Register
0_______

4. State/Federal Agency Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this
GO nomination LJ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the
National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
In my /opinion, the property E3mj&amp;ets LJdoes not meet the National Register criteria. LJSee continuation s^eet. /
Signature of certifying official
State Historical Society of Iowa
State or Federal agency and bureau

Date'

'

In my opinion, the property L_J meets LJdoes not meet the National Register criteria. EH See continuation sheet.
Date

Signature of commenting or other official
State or Federal agency and bureau

5. National Park Service Certification
I, hereby, certify that this property is:
fXj entered in the National Register.
I I See continuation sheet.
I I determined eligible for the National
Register. I I See continuation sheet.
I I determined not eligible for the
National Register.

Entered In tne
national Regist*

7

n removed from the National Register.
I I other, (explain:) ___________
Signature of the Keeper

Date of Action

�6. Function or Use
Historic Functions (enter categories from instructions)

RELIGION/Religious Structure
RELIGION/Church-related Residence
7. Description
Architectural Classification
(enter categories from Instructions)
LATE VICTORIAN:

Gothic

Current Functions (enter categories from instructions)

KET.TGIQN/Religious Structure______
RELIGICW/Church-related Residence

Materials (enter categories from instructions)
foundation Limestone________________
Brick
waits
Stucco
roof
Slate
other ,
Limestone trim
Composition shingles

St. Peter's Church (1887) and Rectory (1895) are located on
one of the bluffs (loess hills) from which Council Bluffs derives
its name.
The two buildings face to the NW and overlook the
community's business district. The church, with its 100' spire,
is a landmark in the community and is visible for blocks.
St. Peter's is of masonry load bearing construction, red brick
with dressed limestone trim. The Gothic Revival style church was
designed by architect Mathias Schnell, is rectangular in shape, and
measures 42' x 107'. It features a symmetrical facade on one gable
end with an apse at the opposite end. The central spire rises from
a 10' square vestibule with double entry doors. Fenestration
throughout is lancet arched. The windows are capped by brick
patterned hoods, while the sills are of stone.
Above the entry
doors is a large arched window, with a pattern of four small brick
arches above, and at the third level is an arched belfry with louvers.
The side elevations of the vestibule also contain three levels of
arched openings, culminating in the louvered arch at the top. The
spire is capped by a copper cross. Buttresses are located at all
corners, and are symmetrically arranged along the side elevations
as well. The facade features a single window on each side of the
spire, while six windows are located on each side elevation. Three
windows are located high in the walls of the apse. All are of stained
glass (with protective plexiglas) and are original to the construction
of the building. The names of the donors are known, but not the
name of the craftsman. Along the side walls, brick pilasters
alternate with buttresses between the windows. A corbeled brick
frieze is located just below the slate roof. The single story "U"
shaped area around the apse is original (it is shown on the earliest
Sanborn map), but has been extended to connect with the rectory and
has been covered with stucco. The foundation, from the watertable
down, has also been stuccoed. An engraving from 1889 shows a cross
on the roof above the altar, at least two small brick chimneys, and
finials on the corners and points of the spire. In 1988 handicapped
accessiblity was provided when an entry door was created in the fifth
of the six windows on the north elevation. The exterior of the church
was steam cleaned, and re-pointed within the past twenty years.
&gt;eo continuation sheet

�8. Statement of Significance
Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in relation to other properties:
I I nationally
I I statewide
fx] locally
Applicable National Register Criteria

I

IA

Criteria Considerations (Exceptions)

[xlA

I

IB

fxlc

I

f~]B

H]C

f~lD

Areas of Significance (enter categories from instructions)

Architecture________________

ID
C]E

f~lF

C]G

Period of Significance

1887;

1895______

Significant Dates

1887;

1895

Cultural Affiliation
N.A.

Significant Person

Architect/Builder

N.A.______________________

Mathias Schnell (arch.)
Wickham Bros, (bldr.)

State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above.

St. Peter's Church (1887) is significant under Criterion C and
meets Criterion Consideration A as a good, relatively unaltered
example of Gothic Revival church design from the 1880s. St. Peter's
Rectory (1895) is significant under Criterion C as a companion
building to the church in terms of scale, materials and construction
date.
St. Peter's Parish of Council Bluffs was founded by German
Catholic immigrants who had been members of the predominately Irish
St. Francis Xavier Parish. Locally, it is said that the idea of
creating a German parish in Council Bluffs originated with a group
of German women who gathered in December of 1884. After agreeing
upon the need for a parish for the German element of St. Francis
Parish, the ladies formed themselves into a society to accomplish
this end. By May of 1886 the male element of the German population
of Council Bluffs also formed an association to aid in the creation
of a German Catholic parish. With Bishop Cosgrove (of the Davenport
Diocese) and Rev. B.P. McMenony (pastor of St. Francis) approving
of the idea, the Germans saw their goal within reach. A shortage
of German speaking priests in the Davenport diocese posed a problem,
though. This was remedied by communication with Abbot Wolf of the
Benedictine monastery in Atchison, Kansas. In April of 1887 the
abbot notified Brother Adolph Wesseling that he was to take charge
of the new parish while also overseeing the construction of a church
for the parish.
On May 12, 1887 Father Wesseling wrote to his Abbot about
plans for the new church.
The plans for the church will be finished in about
10 days and contract be let as soon as possible. The
church will be of pure Gothic style. $11,000 of course
pews, altars, confessional excepted. We had several
&gt;ee continuation sheet

�9. Major Bibliographical References

Babbit, Charles, H. Early Days at Council Bluffs.
Bryon S. Adams Press, 1916.
Corles, J.H. Pocket Souvenir of Council Bluffs.
IA: J.H. Corles, c.1904.

Washington, D.C.:
Council Bluffs,

Correspondence from the files of the Des Moines Diocese archives.
Council Bluffs Globe, 16 March 1888; 19 March 1888.
Field, Homer and Hon. Joseph R. Reed. History of Pottawattamie
County, Iowa. Chicago: S.J. Clarke Pub. Co., 2 Vols, 1907.

Historic photographs from parish records.
I XI See continuation sheet
Previous documentation on file (NFS):
I I preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67)
has been requested
I I previously listed in the National Register
I I previously determined eligible by the National Register
CU designated a National Historic Landmark
I I recorded by Historic American Buildings
Survey # __________________________
I I recorded by Historic American Engineering
Record #____

Primary location of additional data:
fX~| State historic preservation office
I I Other State agency
I I Federal agency
I I Local government
I I University
D Other
Specify repository:

10. Geographical Data

Less than one acre.

Acreage of property
UTM References
A I li 5l I 2l 6. ll 4. 7. 5l
Zone
Easting

cl . I L

i

i

i

i

I 4. 5l 7, ll 3, 6, 5l
Northing
i

I

i

I

i

Zone

Easting

Northing
I

i
I

I.I.I

I See continuation sheet

Verbal Boundary Description

Original plat, Lot 1, lot 171 and SW 8' Lot 2, lot 168, City of Council Bluffs,

I

I See continuation sheet

Boundary Justification

This is the area historically associated with these resources.

I

I See continuation sheet

11. Form Prepared By
name/title _
organization _
street &amp; number
city or town _

Molly Myers Naumann, Consultant
St. Peter's Parish
1

Bluff Street

Council Bluffs

(515)

682-2743

May 1992

date _
telephone
(712) 322-8889_____
state ___IA______ zip code 51 503

�NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)

0MB Approval No, 1024-0018

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number

Page
CFN-259-1116

ST. PETE U'S GERMAN CATHOLIC CHUKCH.

(Source:

Council Bluffs City Directory, 1889.)

On the interior St. Peter's follows the traditional Christian
church plan with nave and side aisles. The aisles are created by
clusters of "tall slender Gothic pillars of imitation marble" from
which Gothic arches spring. (Council Bluffs Globe, 18 March 1888.)
Originally the interior featured lavish stenciling on the walls and
ceiling. There have been several redecorations over the years, with
the most recent including the application of a simplified stenciled
pattern along the side walls at sill level. New pews, floor covering
and lighting fixtures have been installed, the communion rail has
been removed, and the ornate altars replaced by a simple modern one.
A balcony extends across the interior at the back of the sanctuary.
Despite the changes, the feeling of spaciousness remains, with the
ceiling rising from a height of 12' at the side walls, to 27" at
the center.
St. Peter's Rectory is located immediately SW of the church
building with the same NW facade orientation. The residence was
constructed in 1895, just eight years after the church. It is two

�NFS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)

OM8 Approval No. 1024-0018

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number __Z__

Page

3
CFN-259-1116

and one-half stories, of brick construction with limestone trim.
Basically rectangular in shape (with a two story bay on the south
side, and a 3* projection on the north), it measures 56' x 30*.
Like the church the entry is on the gable end, but in the residence
it is off-set to the right side. A broad porch extends across the
front of the house, and a small vestibule has been built out from
the doorway. The rectory windows are segmental arched with limestone
keystones. A lunette window and a corbelled brick frieze (similar
to that used on the church) are found on the gable end. An embossed
gable ornament features a cross superimposed on a rising sun motif.
The north gable is covered with a decorative shingle pattern, while
the rear of the house features a hip roof. A single chimney is
located in the center of the roof. Alterations to the exterior appear
limited to the removal of a rounded corner at the north end of the
porch, and at the rear of the house, a walkway was extended to the
church (by 1928), and an attached garage has been added. The interior
of the rectory has not been addressed in this nomination. Although
a contributing structure, the rectory is of secondary importance
to the church.
On the front lawn, between the rectory and the church is Our
Lady of Grace Shrine, built by the Rev. Father J.J. Hannan, S.J.
about 1958. This is one of dozens of similar shrines built by the
Jesuit. It is not considered a contributing object due to the date
of construction and its relatively small size.
There have been some changes in the immediate surroundings of
the church and rectory over the years. Bluff Street appears to have
been straightened a little just in front of the two buildings, and
a minor grade adjustment made. The steps from the street are not
original, but have been there at least 30 years, while those from
the sidewalk to the entry doors appear unchanged. Behind the church
and rectory the area has been paved for parking. Immediately to
the north of the church is a now vacant school building. The original
wood frame school from 1887 served until replaced by this brick
building in 1924. It was built to house a Sisters' home as well
as the school. It is not considered part of this nomination because
it is not one of the original buildings in the complex and it does
not relate to the others stylistically.

�NPS Form 10-900-1
(8-86)

OMB Approval No. 1024-0018

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number

Page
CFN-259-1116

U.S.G.S. map of Council Bluffs showing location of St. Peter's complex.

�OMB Approval No. 7024-00)8

NPS Form 10-900-a

United States Department of the Interior

National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number

Page

CFN-259-1116

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1896 Sanborn Fire Insurance map showing St. Peter's complex.

&lt;;

Q-:

�NFS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)

OWe Appro**! No. 1024-0018

United States Department of the Interior

National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number

Page
CFN-259-1116

1928 Sanborn Fire Insurance map showing the
St. Peter's complex with the new school building.

�UPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)

OUB Approvtl No. 1024-0018

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Page

Section number

CFN-259-1116

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Floor plans of St. Peter's Church &amp; Rectory,
(Not to scale.)

A

~7~

�NFS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)

0MB Approval No. 1024-0018

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number _JL_

Page

2

sketches prepared but Mr. Mathias Schnell of Rock
Island was alone and immensely satisfactory. He is
both architect and builder and, therefore, able to
sketch for the money what he, if left to his bidding,
is prepared to produce in reality. He is also building
McMenony's church. I have seen in my travels several
churches of Mr. Schnell, they are all beautiful and
a marvel of cheapness.
On June 15, 1887 Wesseling wrote to Abbot Wolf...
...We have let the contract today for our church
to very good and responsible parties. The church
will be of pure Gothic architecture 106' x 47" with
tiny pillars and octagon sanctuary and tower 133'
built of hard brick and pressed brick in entire
front, with best Ben Davis Black Pennsylvania slate
roof........in all $11,126.00 to this is to be added
$200.00 for the architect, Mr. Mathias Schnell of
Rock Island, 111. The church is very beautiful.
The "good and responsible parties" were Wickham Bros, of Council
Bluffs. This firm was responsible for most of the major constuction
which took place in the city for years. Although not members of
St. Peter's Parish the Wickhams made substantial contributions to
the construction of the church and continued their support in the
following years. Wickham Bros, also received the contract for the
construction of the rectory in 1895.
St. Peter's is an almost classic example of a late 19th century
Gothic Revival design. Executed in red brick it is rectangular in
shape, measuring 42' x 107', with a symmetrical facade on the gable
end. The entry doors are located at the base of the soaring 100'
central spire. All fenestration is lancet arched, with brick
patterned hoods and dressed stone sills. The buttressed corners
with stone caps are typical of Gothic Revival designs. These
buttresses are repeated on the side elevations, alternating with
brick pilasters. Brick corbeling is found just below the slate roof.
The apsidal end features three lancet windows placed high in the
wall, to allow the light to fall down onto the altar. The symmetry
of the exterior is continued on the interior, a nave with side aisles
plan. This plan has been in common use since the Early Christian
churches of the fourth century. The church is divided into three
basic areas, the vestibule or narthex, the nave with side aisles,

CFN-259-1116

�NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)

QMB Approval No. 1024-0018

United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number _JL__

Page

3
CFN-259-1116

and the apsidal end with the altar. In Early Christian churches,
as in many 19th century churches in this country, the exterior was
usually fairly simple, a combination of brick and stone, while the
interior was richly decorated with paintings, carvings, and gilt.
The interior of St. Peter's was originally much more ornate than
what is seen today.
In the June 15, letter Wesseling goes on.....
The same stands ______ in Fort Madison, Iowa. I
am surprised we got it so cheap. I am just ordering
three bells for our church. I got them donated from
one man as something extra to cost $400.00.........
While no documentation has been located identifying St. Joseph's
Church in Fort Madison as a Schnell design, it is remarkably similar
to St. Peter's. The pitch of the roof, and design and proportion
of the spire are very much alike. However, differences do exist.
St. Peter's has a central entry with a window on each side of the
facade while St. Joseph's possesses a central entry with a smaller
doorway on each side and towers on the corners of the facade added
between 1900 and 1907. St. Francis Xavier (Father McMenony's church),
which is non-extant, and St. Bernard's in Breda (Carroll County)
are also known to be designed by Schnell.
The completion of the church did not end the efforts of the
parishioners to improve their religious institutions. A scant six
months after the church was dedicated, the children of the parish
began their school year in a frame structure built by the men of
St. Peter's. The Benedictine sisters who taught the youngsters,
moved into the frame house built to accomodate them before the year
1888 ended. Both structures were located just to the north and east
of the church. Eight years elapsed before the parish would construct
the rectory. The success of their previous endeavors, and the cramped
nature of the priest's quarters in the rear of the school, led them
to complete the substantial residence for their pastor just to the
southwest of the church.

�NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)

OMB Approval No. 1024-0018

United States Department of the Interior

National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number __JL__ Page

2

CFN-259-1116

Iowa Architects Files, State Historical Society of Iowa, Historic
Preservation Bureau, Des Moines, IA.
Jennings, Gottfried, Check, Perservationists. Council Bluffs: A
Settlement History and Survey Findings. City of Council Bluffs,
1982.
Kempler, the Rev. John F.
N.D.

The Catholic Church in Council Bluffs.

Orff, Frank. Council Bluffs City Directory, 1889.
IA: Frank Orff Pub. Co., 1889.

Council Bluffs,

Perkins, J.R. Historic Houses of Council Bluffs. Talk given 21
November 1957. Script for slides located at the Council Bluffs
Public Library, vertical files, folder "Historic Houses".
Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps.
Souvenir of St. Peter's,

1885, 1896, 1921, and 1928.

c.1905 or 1906.

St. Peter's Dedication Program.
St. Peter's Diamond Jubilee:
The Western World.

18 March 1888.

1887-1962.

2 May 1912, pp 3 &amp; 6.

�NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)

0MB Approval No. 1024-0010

United States Department of the interior
National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number _Photo_

Page

1
CFN-259-1116

**.
V

&lt;^-VN

-«- A
L_p_

—O——W————V*y———vAML.

-W-vU-_

Sketch map showing photo angles

�NPS Form 10-900-a
(8-86)

OMB Approval No. J024-OOI8

United States Department of the Interior

National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places
Continuation Sheet
Section number photo

Page

2

With one exception, all photographs submitted with this nomination
for St. Peter's Church and Rectory, One Bluff Street, Council Bluffs,
IA, were taken by Mike Whye in the Fall 1991, and all negatives are
stored in his files in Council Bluffs, IA. The exception is a
historic view of the church interior. No photographer or firm date
have been established for this photo. The negative is stored in
the parish files.
#1

Distant view of church looking SW.

#2

Distant view of church looking east on Broadway.

#3

3/4 view of church facade looking south.

#4

Church and rectory facades looking southeast

#5

3/4 view of church and rectory facades looking east.

#6

3/4 view of rear elevations of church and rectory looking west.

§1

Interior of church looking toward altar.

#8

Historic view of church interior looking toward altar.

#9

Interior of church looking toward front entry.

CFN-259-1116

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